Hydrogen Energy and the Greenhouse Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hydrogen Energy and the Greenhouse Effect - Essay Example The measurements showed that in the past half century, CO2 levels have been steadily rising at an exponential rate (Weart). This is due to growing population and the quickly-developing technologies that inevitably demand more energy, and, in the present, humanity's main source of energy is fossil fuels. As such, finding alternative energy sources has become a very important quest in the present. Among these alternative sources of energy is Hydrogen. Hydrogen is often presented as one of the most promising alternatives for carbon-based fuels because it is the clean energy source that burns into water vapor. It is also often pointed out that Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is very abundant on earth itself in the form of water. However, switching to a Hydrogen powered economy isn't really as simple as it sounds. Although water is very abundant on Earth, it takes up a lot of energy to break it down into its hydrogen and oxygen components and package it (Zyga). There is also the risk of hydrogen leaking out from the fuel cells which contain it (Warwick et. al.). Hydrogen energy would then basically cost more and be less economical than the current energy sources. However, if switching to Hydrogen as a major energy source would have good environmental impacts, t hen maybe it would be worth the cost. The product of Hydrogen combustion as opposed to, say, gasoline combustion would only be water vapor whereas for gasoline combustion, the products would include carbon dioxide which is considered to be the major cause of global warming. However, there are some who argue that water vapor, in fact, is the major greenhouse gas and is responsible for a larger portion of the greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide is. So, to find out whether hydrogen would really be a better energy source than carbon-based fuels, let us first look into the reactions involved in their combustion. For the carbon-based fuels, we'll just take octane, which is an important component of gasoline, as an example. The combustion reactions are as follows: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O + 572 kJ (1) 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 18 H2O + 16 CO2 + 11017.8 kJ (2) If we multiply equation (1) by 20, we get roughly the same amount of energy generated for the two reactions: 40 H2 + 20 O2 40 H2O + 11440 kJ (3) So, to produce the same amount of energy, 16 CO2 molecules and 18 H2O molecules would be produced for the octane combustion while 40 H2O molecules would be produced for the hydrogen combustion. If water vapor is a greenhouse gas just as CO2, then it my be that switching to hydrogen as an energy source would bring about an even worse greenhouse effect than the CO2 produced by burning octane. However, there are a lot of things to be considered. Even though water vapor makes up 80% of all greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by mass, it is responsible only for 36% - 66% of the long wave absorption done by all the greenhouse gases (Schmidt). By contrast, CO2 comprises only 1.44% of all the greenhouse gases by mass, yet it absorbs 9% - 26% of the total long wave absorpt

Problem Facing UK Copyright Law Arising in Digital Market Essay

Problem Facing UK Copyright Law Arising in Digital Market - Essay Example This paper will evaluate the Problems facing UK copyright law as a result of the digital market. Additionally, I will explain why I chose this topic. Moreover, the paper will cover my intended research methodology. Also, it will cover a review of the previous studies conducted on this topic. Many organizations and people come up with new innovations and inventions in addition to improving their current properties. This innovations, inventions and improvements have an economic value. As such, laws have been formulated to protect such intellectual properties and innovations against copying or illegal usage. These laws are founded on the concept or idea that if an individual, group or organisation has utilized his or her expertise, knowledge and resources to design and create a new item, no other person must benefit from that invention without the inventor’s authorization. In order to enforce compliance, there is need for legislation to deter illegal usage of another person’s property. Most governments enact copyright laws to guard and provide exclusive rights to creators of original work for a specified time. Often, it is referred to as the right to copy. However, it gives the copyright holder other additional rights. The development and creation of the computer network and digital media technologies have prompted the UK government to reinterpret the copy right laws. Patents, trade secrets and trademarks are applicable to expressible forms of information or ideas. Under the intellectual property law, owners are given exclusive rights to a multitude of intangible assets (Lemley, 2004). For example, literary, artistic works; inventions and discoveries, designs and symbols and musical works. Intellectual and copyright property rights encompass patents, trademarks, trade secrets and industrial design rights depending on the jurisdiction. Although most copyright laws in protecting property are territorial and confined to the area of their origin, a lot of

Define the marketing information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Define the marketing information system - Essay Example The environment is getting tougher and more competitive, a business that needs to be successful not only has to be competitive but also be equipped with latest technology and a perfect combination of human minds. The concept of making profit has now shifted itself into a new form called ‘customer satisfaction’. Every organization looks to satisfy their customers and this could be done when the firm delivers the exact thing the customer requires. This can be achieved through a number of ways, firstly by good communication, secondly by observing the different customer behaviors and their preferences. The two ways mentioned above need a track record of the customer so as to deduce results of the consumer preferences and choices. Here comes the factor technology as it provides a simple information system that has the ability to store data about the customer, which eventually helps the manager in analyzing different customer and then making sure they are satisfied. The basic function of a database is to help the managers in making important and vital not only strategic decisions but also operational decisions. A very common example is an organization that uses an information system to keep records of the customers and its name is Proctor & Gamble. The P & G has been conducting its business successfully all over the globe and they have a simple marketing information system that keeps a track of the customer purchases as they have all the records of the customer purchases that have been made of their products. This helps them analyze the product’s weaknesses and strengths, and then they can improve it according to their customers. The method they use is entering the purchases of every individual customer separately on a database. This database later is used by research experts to explore different innovations in the product if its not working or else how to keep a famous product selling for a longer period of time. The information gathered is simpl e for example

Fonterra Tirau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fonterra Tirau - Essay Example The product made at this facility amounts to thousands of tons annually that feed both the foreign and the domestic markets. As the result of an upgrade in 1981, the true site operated by Fonterra is the only one that produces lactalbumin whose tonnage is 1400 annually and is an essential ingredient in nutritional applications. During the high season between August and December of each year, the true site usually processes almost 2.9 million liters on a daily basis, which is collected from the dairy farmers who are also shareholders in Fonterra. The other product manufactured at the Tirau site is lactic casein that totals 7000 tons annually, whose main export market is China, USA, most European states, and Japan (Fonterra, 2014). Fonterra is one of the companies that has attracted the interest of environmentalists and government agencies charged with protecting the environment. This is not surprising since (â€Å"Water Quality in New Zealand† 2012) states milk processing plants are the major environmental pollutants in New Zealand, and this includes Fonterra’s sites. Tirau being a principle road town in the Waikato region has experienced an increase in commercial and agricultural activities over the years that have caused a major impact on the environment especially on the water resources. Subsequently, the water pH and levels of conductivity in Waikato region have been deteriorating gradually with the Waikato River experiencing high levels of pollution. According to environmental impact assessment reports, a majority of the industries that cause pollution is dairy farming and product plants together with the use of high nitrogen fertilizers that have made the water pH levels in these regions to deteriorate. Fonterra Tirau understands that the industrial activities conducted at this plant is one of the key contributors to the environmental degradation of the Waikato region and has put in place

Oration on the Dignity of Man Essay Example for Free

Oration on the Dignity of Man Essay As history progressed to the Middle Ages, new technology, people, and ideas emerge throughout the world. Similar(ly) to Ancient Greece, we see the study of religion and philosophy become a big part of life. One of the most notorious and ambitious philosophers at the time was Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola. He was a Christian who wanted to consolidate various religions and unite all of those ideas with Christian principles. Some of the religions he wanted to combine include Jewish, Greek, and Islamic values. His ideas revolve around the study of humans, more specifically, how we came into existence and how we interact with the world around us and God. His theories, however, were highly criticized by the Church because they believed that his work opposed Christian ideologies and perception of free will and humanity. Pico was not happy with the church either but nevertheless, he formulated a collective theory and put his ideas into text called the 900 Conclusions. The Oration on the Dignity of Man was an introduction to this work and answers many questions regarding the creation of mankind and the relationship we have with God and nature. Pico begins his oration by explaining how mankind was created by God. He also answers the question of who we are â€Å"man is the intermediary between creatures, that he is the familiar of the gods above him as he is the lord of the beings beneath him; that, by the acuteness of his senses, the inquiry of his reason and the light of his intelligence, he is the interpreter of nature, set midway between the timeless unchanging and the flux of time; the living union (as the Persians say), the very marriage hymn of the world, and, by David’s testimony but little lower than the angels† (3). .man created out ofmade out of In addition, Pico describes why God created man, he needed a being to appreciate all of his creations â€Å"But when this work was done, the Divine Artificer still longed for some creature which might comprehend the meaning of so vast an achievement, which might be moved with love at its beauty and smitten with awe at its grandeur† (3). Humans are the greatest creation of God, and we have been given the opportunity to choose where we end up in life. Pico says that we have the free will to choose our own paths. He claims that this can strengthen or weaken man’s relationship towards God â€Å"impeded by no such restrictions, may, by your own free will, to whose custody We have assigned you, trace for yourself the lineaments of your own nature. I have placed you at the very center of the world, so that from that vantage point you may with greater ease glance round about you on all that the world contains. We have made you a creature neither of heaven nor of earth, neither mortal nor immortal, in order that you may, as the free and proud shaper of your own being, fashion yourself in the form you may prefer. It will be in your power to descend to the lower, brutish forms of life; you will be able, through your own decision, to rise again to the superior orders whose life is divine† (4). Pico also writes tha t since we have this freedom, we must choose our paths wisely. If humans become sensual and brutish, they will be like animals. On the other hand, if they’re rational and intellectual, they can become heavenly like angels â€Å"Whichever of these a man shall cultivate, the same will mature and bear fruit in him. If vegetative, he will become a plant; if sensual, he will become brutish; if rational, he will reveal himself a heavenly being; if intellectual, he will be an angel and the son of God† (4-5). According to Pico, if humans emulate the actions of angels, through intellectual engagement, we can ascend closer to God.

Mass Object Affect Falling Speed Liquid Environmental Sciences Essay

Mass Object Affect Falling Speed Liquid Environmental Sciences Essay The purpose of this experiment was to determine how a mass of an object would affect its speed when sinking through glycerin or water. I became interested in this idea when watching a movie on submarines which are designed to be able to travel through water at high speeds. I knew before I started my investigation that glycerin is heavier than water, thus glycerin will slow down the speed of a falling object. I also knew that the heaviest object falls faster than the light objects due to my knowledge and observation of a falling stone which is obviously faster than a falling bird feather. Why the investigation is important? The problem was important to investigate because when I was watching a movie about submarine, I wondered about submarine as being a heavy object and how it travels through water so smoothly with very high speed. I was trying to see if objects mass affects the speed it travels through water. The speed of falling weights through water and glycerin is tested in this research. I think that the heaviest weight will be the first to fall. The materials used in my experiment are cylinder, 3 different weights, stopwatch, water and glycerin. The results turned out to be that the heaviest weight reached the bottom of the cylinder first, while the second was the middle weight and the lightest weight was the last. Thus my hypothesis turned out to be correct as the heaviest weight fell in the shortest time. I have also observed that it is really difficult to maintain the same amount of force on each weight, as a workaround the same dropper dropped the 3 weights from the same distance. For further research enhancement, I suggest that weight should have been hanged on U shape wood board freely and use scissors to release the weights to ensure that no external force was added to the weight. Also tested weights need to be of the same shape and size to eliminate any additional variables. I have really gained lots of information about gravity, weights and fluid friction. Background Information Aristotle theorized that heavy objects accelerate faster than lighter ones. Galileo observed the dropping of varies masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. He noticed that the acceleration is independent of their mass which leads him to a conclusion that a falling or rolling objects appeared to accelerate at the same rate independently of their mass. Aristotles theory was based on the philosophy of logic in that it seemed obvious that heavier objects would fall faster than light objects, while Galileos theory was based on actual observation and experimentation. Galileo Italian physicist, mathematician and philosopher Aristotle Greek philosopher (384 BC 322 BC) (15 February 1564Â   8 January 1642) Summarizing Aristotles View and Galileos experiment Aristotle held that there are two kinds of motion for objects, natural and unnatural. Unnatural (or violent) motion is when something is being pushed, and in this case the speed of motion is proportional to the force of the push. Natural motion is when something is seeking its natural place in the universe, such as a stone fall. For the natural motion of heavy objects falling to earth, Aristotle stated that the speed of fall was directly proportional to the weight, and indirectly proportional to the density of the medium the body was falling through. Galileo has done multiple experiments to answer the question that heavy objects fall at practically the same rate. Observation wont only answer this question as all objects fall too fast. To make any kind of measurement of the speed, the motion must somehow be slowed down. Thats why I have selected Glycerin instead of water to slow down the speed of a falling object!!!!! Mass and Weight The mass of an object is measure of the amount of matter in the object. While the weight of an object is defined as the force of gravity on the object and may be considered as the mass times the acceleration of gravity, w= mg. While the real weight of a human is determined by his mass and the acceleration of gravity. Falling objects holds a force thats much high than its weight. Weightlessness While the real weight of a human is determined by his mass and the acceleration of gravity, ones real or effective weight comes from the fact that he is supported by other objects like floor, chair and table. If all the supported objects are removed all of a sudden the person will begin to fall freely and he feels weightless Thus weightlessness refers to a state of being in free fall. The state of weightlessness can be reached in quite a lot of ways, all of which involve significant physical principles as seen in below figures. What is Friction? A friction is the wicked force of all motions. Regardless if you throw an object to the right the friction switches the direction of the falling object so we call it the opposite wicked force. Friction is actually a force that appears whenever two things are rubbed against each other. Although two objects might look smooth, microscopically, theyre very rough and jagged, as seen in below picture: As objects slide against each other, a crush and drag force against each other is produced. This is where friction comes from. Friction is useful as it has a lot to do with our daily life. Without it, we wouldnt be able to walk, sit in a chair, climb stairs, or use a mouse to surf the web. Everything would just keep slipping and falling all over the place. Fluid friction Fluid friction is what happens with liquids and gases (In Physics, liquids and gases are both called fluids) Fluid friction depends on how thick the fluid is (its viscosity), objects shape and objects speed. Aircraft and car designers want to reduce drag, so that they can go fast without having to waste too much fuel. To reduce friction, we need a shape that the fluid can flow past easily and smoothly. This tends to mean using long, pointed, streamlined shapes. Speed, Acceleration and Forces Speed is how fast an objects position changes with time at any given moment. A car traveling 70 KM per hour is traveling faster than a car with a speed of 40 KM per hour. Average Speed is the total distance traveled by the amount of time. The description of both speed and direction of a moving object is its velocity. Two objects can have the same speed but different velocities if they are moving in different directions. When a moving objects velocity increases with time, the object is accelerating. The acceleration of an object falling freely near Earths surface due to gravity is called a G. A force is a push or pull exerted by one object on another. Forces change the motion of objects. Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object sliding over another. Friction acts any time the surfaces of objects are in contact. When an object moves through a gas, such as air, or any liquid, there is forces that resist motion. This force is called drag force. As an object moves through the air, the air molecules hit into it (a drag force) and cause the object to slow down. Drag force depends on speed. The faster the speed, the greater the drag force. Gravity is a force of attraction that exists between all objects with mass. The force of gravity between two objects depends on the masses of the two objects and the distance between the objects. The closer the objects are to each other, the stronger the force of gravity exerted on each other. The force of gravity between Earth and any other object is called the weight of the object. Sources of Error: The sources of error in this project were mainly human error; the dropper can not exactly maintain the same external force on dropping the weight, the stopwatch holder could waste some seconds before stopping the watch. I have encountered and taken care of another error by changing the research topic slightly as I wanted to test the speed of falling balls with different weights (ping pong, Squash and Golf) in glycerin, but the ping pong and the squash ball float in the glycerin. That is why I used 3 different weights instead of the 3 balls. Applications of investigations: I think that engineers creating submarines or any under water traveling objects will greatly benefit from my research. Further Research: Next time I will try to be more accurate in my experiment by using different weights with same size and shape and try to get rid of human error as much as possible.

More Than Just The Disease :: essays research papers

By close reference to â€Å"More Than Just The Disease†, show what feelings you have for Neil in the course of the story. What lessons do you suppose he has learned by the end of it? In the story, â€Å"More than Just the Disease†, Neil who was away from home for a holiday with the Middleton family experienced and learned much. The best part was how Neil managed to take the first step of overcoming his shyness, not to â€Å"suffer from more than just the disease†. At the start of the story, we come face to face with the dominance of Neil’s mother. â€Å"Be tidy at all times, then no one can surprise you† and â€Å"A little too ornate for my taste-vulgar almost† shows that Neil’s mother does not just exist in planning everything for him(â€Å"although he had been reluctant because of this very thing, she had insisted he could not turn down an invitation from the doctor’s family†), she had embedded herself in Neil’s thoughts, even to the end of the story like, â€Å"Close your mouth when you’re eating, please. Others have to live with you† and â€Å" It will teach you how to conduct yourself in good society†, all highlighted in italics. This brings about irritation and annoyance as Neil is really a â€Å"Mama’s boy†. He does not seem to have a mind of his own and lacked the moral courage to be his own personality. This is worrying as this dominance of his mother may stay with him all his life. I am, to a certain extent, angry with Neil, for being so easily dominated by his mother, and not by his own self. It is rather disappointing of a protagonist. The continuous excuses given by Neil (â€Å"Too cold†, â€Å"I told you I can’t swim†, â€Å"No, it’s too cold†) shows his defences to cover up his disease, psoriasis as he is inferior about it. This is understandable as he is fearful of being found out and shunned by everyone. (â€Å"If there is one thing he couldn’t abide it was to be laughed at†) I sympathize with him as it is indeed unfortunate to have the disease and desperately trying to hide it. However, when he gave his final excuse â€Å"I’ve got my period†, the whole situation changed. Besides the readers getting some entertainment, they are fairly amused and laughed behind his back. â€Å"There was a long silence† and â€Å"Neil heard her (Anna) make funny snorts in her nose†.